In his book: “Out of the Crisis”, Dr. W.
Edwards Deming shows these 14 steps toward an improved management. It is not easy in the American Culture to establish such changes. Perhaps that barrier is keeping the American Industry from achieving as impressive results as the ones reached by the Japanese.
1. Create constancy of purpose for improvement of product and service with the aim to become competitive and to stay in business, and to keep providing jobs.
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2. Adopt the new philosophy. We are in a new economic age. Western management must awaken to the challenge, must learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership for change.
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3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by building quality into the product in the first place.
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4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag. Instead, minimize total cost. Move toward a single supplier for any one item, on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.
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5. Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production and service. Improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.
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6. Institute training on the job. This should be a part of everybody’s every day’s activities.
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7. Adopt and institute leadership. The aim of supervision should be to help people and machines and gadgets to do a better job. Supervision of management is in need of overhaul as well as supervision of production workers.
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8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively for the company because they want it to succeed.
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9. Break down barriers between staff areas or departments. People in research, design, sales, and production must work as a team, to foresee problems of production and in use that may be encountered with the product or service.
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10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the workforce asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of the causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus lie beyond the power of the work force.
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11. Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for management.
a. Eliminate work standards (quotas) on the factory floor. Substitute leadership.
b. Eliminate the obsolete concept of “management by objective”. Eliminate management by numbers, numerical goals. Substitute leadership.
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12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship–eliminate the annual rating or merit system.
a. Remove barriers that rob the hourly worker of his right to pride of workmanship. The responsibility of supervisors must be changed from sheer numbers to quality.
b. Remove barriers that rob people in management and in engineering of their right to pride of workmanship. This means, abolishment of the annual merit rating and of management by objectives.
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13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone. Let them participate to choose the areas of development.
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14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the transformation. The transformation is everybody’s job.
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Dr. Deming is the author of several books and about 200 papers. His books, “Out of the Crisis” (MIT/CAES, 1986) and “The New Economics” (MIT/CAES, 1994) have been translated into several foreign languages. Hundreds, perhaps thousands of books, films, and videotapes profile his life, his philosophy, and the successful application of his teachings worldwide. Dr. Deming’s four-day seminars reached 10,000 people per year for over ten years… Source from TPM Online.com
